State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?
Final answer:
Kohlrausch’s law states each ion contributes independently to a solution’s conductivity. Dilution decreases conductivity as there are fewer ions per volume unit. The effect is observable in cells during dehydration processes.
Explanation:
Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions states that the molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution at infinite dilution can be calculated as the sum of the ionic conductivities of its anions and cations, which implies that each ion in a solution contributes a certain amount to the overall conductivity of the solution, regardless of the presence of other ions in the solution.
Though diluting a solution increases the volume through which the ions can move, thus increasing the overall mobility of the ions, it decreases the number of ions present per unit volume, which results in a lower conductivity. The resultant effect is that the conductivity of a solution decreases with dilution. This is because, in a more diluted solution, there are fewer ions available to conduct electric charge. The reduced ionic concentration corresponds to a lower electrical current and thereby reduced conductivity.
An example of this principle can be seen in the behavior of cells under dehydration. As cells lose water and their internal medium becomes denser, the rate of diffusion and electrical conductivity decrease, affecting cellular functions.
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