Which of the following is an achievement of the Maoist period.

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Which of the following is an achievement of the Maoist period that has been overturned by economic reforms in China?
(a) Guaranteed employment
(b) Extensive female employment
(c) Effective environmental policies
(d) Competitive educational opportunities
(e) State subsidies for defense industries

Final answer:

Economic reforms in China have led to the overturning of guaranteed employment, a hallmark of the Maoist era’s command economy. These reforms have transitioned China towards a market economy and reduced state subsidies for defense industries, among others.

Explanation:

The economic reforms that began in China in 1978 have had a profound impact on various aspects of Chinese society and economy that were prominent during the Maoist period. Over the course of the reform era, guaranteed employment, a characteristic of the planned economy, has been largely overturned. Under Mao’s leadership, workers were assigned to danwei or work units which assured them of employment and various benefits. With the adoption of market-oriented reforms under Deng Xiaoping, this system has been replaced by a more competitive job market where employment is not guaranteed and is more performance-based.

During the Maoist era, the government had extensive control over the economy and implemented policies for state subsidies for defense industries and other sectors. With the move towards a market economy, the government has reduced these subsidies, especially in sectors where market forces have taken over and private enterprise has been encouraged. As a part of the economic reforms, smaller state-owned enterprises were privatized and large ones restructured, reducing the direct state subsidy and control.

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